How did the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division symbols of mathematics come about?

Not only this American astrophysicist, but many scientists in the world have made many statements about mathematics. What is the way without or without? In fact, we all are stuck without mathematics in our daily life. Like this, you decide when you wake up in the morning with numbers. What's the first thing you do when you wake up, what's the second thing you do; This 'first', 'second' is also part of mathematics. The history of this mathematics is vast. But today's story is not about mathematics, but about a part of mathematics; Its identity is called 'mathematical symbols'. The number of members of this part of mathematics is not low at all. Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Equals, Square Root, Pi, Brackets, Proportional, Proportional What more! Long before the introduction of symbols, the function of that symbol was in practice. But in that case it would have required more time and labor to express the whole process in words. So the use of symbols started to prevent wastage of time. For example, how easily we write '2 + 3' to add 2 and 3. But when this addition sign did not originate, it was written, 'Add 2 to 3'.

Again the result of '2 + 3' is 5, which we can easily express by writing 2 + 3 = 5. But until the 'equals' sign was invented, 'is equals to' had to be written instead, which was a rather time-consuming affair. So the Welsh mathematician Robert Record used the equal sign (=) while writing his book 'The Whetstone of Wit'. Now let's talk about the symbols separately.

Addition

The sign used to add two or more numbers together is the addition sign. The process of adding for the sake of increasing. The word yoga comes from the Latin word plus, meaning 'more'. Derivation of (And) from Latin 'Et'. Instead of this 'and', the '+' symbol started to be used. As far as is known, the use of '+' as a plus sign began in the fourteenth century. Nicholas Oresme is said to have used the '+' sign for the first time in his 'Algorismus Proportionum'. But that's not how it got universal acclaim at the time. Many also used many other types of symbols. For example, the Italian mathematician 'Luca Pacioli' used to denote addition with a small dot over the English 'p'. The '+' sign became popular when the German mathematician Johannes Widmann used it in his book 'Mercentile Arithmetic'.

Subtraction

Exclusion means subtraction. The word 'minus' is derived from the Latin word 'minus', which means 'less'. Lucas Pacioli just used 'm' instead of 'p' in subtraction like addition. However, it is not clear when the use of '-' as a minus sign started. Addition and subtraction probably originated in the fourteenth century. Subtraction began to be widely used after its use in the book 'Mercentile Arithmetic'. Note that addition and subtraction signs were first introduced to the English by Robert Record in his book 'The Whetstone of Wit'.

Multiplication

(×) or (.); These two symbols are widely used to denote guna nowadays. Although the latter has a distinct use as a dot product, the former is more commonly used to denote ordinary multiplication. The use of this sign began in the 16th century. It is said that the English mathematician William Otred was the first to use this symbol. However, it is not certain exactly why it marks the process of multiplication. He is said to have used it from St. Andrew's Cross. It is also believed by many that since multiplication essentially simplified the larger sum process, the addition symbol was used transversely to use the multiplication symbol. However, because it corresponds to the English 'x', the German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried rejected the symbol and used only a dot, which is still very common.

Division

We see the use of many symbols as division symbols even in this 21st century. The most common of these are '÷', '/', 'x) y (z' and '.'; the last-mentioned form may have been in use earlier, about as early as the thirteenth century, but became widespread in the sixteenth century. came. It was brought forward by the Arabs, and later used by the European mathematician Fibonacci in the 16th century. The division with the '/' symbol was introduced by De Morgan in 1845. However, the widely used division sign (÷) was first used by the Swiss mathematician Johann Rahn in his book Teutsche Algebra in 1659. However, this symbol does not currently have international recognition. The use of '/' as a division symbol is currently accepted as standard. Eq

Equal

In 1557, Welsh mathematician Robert Record wrote his book 'The Whetstone of Wit' for his English students. In that book, he got tired of repeatedly writing 'is equals to', so he used two equal, horizontal and parallel marks (=), which became popular later and are still used today. Some also used two vertical equal and parallel marks as equal signs. However, the '=' symbol is more accepted. The origin of the addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and equal signs is over for now, but there are countless more mathematical symbols. Let's finish by talking about some of them. British John Wallis first used the infinity symbol in 1655. In 1706 William Jones coined the pi symbol (π). In 1525 Rudolph introduced the square root symbol. He wrote the first German textbook on algebra. Euler started using sin, cos, tan, period 1748 to 1753. In 1808, Cramp began to use '!' as a factorial symbol. In this way, these mathematical symbols have reached us through the hands of countless people over the centuries. These signs have made our life easier. And ISO or International Organization of Standardization is still working to use the same symbol as a standard worldwide.